Multiple primary malignancies in a single patient was first described by Billroth in 1879 [1]. The incidence of Second Primary Cancers (SPC) is on a rising trend owing to the recent improvements in patient care, diagnostic modalities and improved therapeutic regimens [1,2]. The frequency of multiple primary malignant tumors is expected to increase as the population age.
Thorough knowledge of the coeliac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arterial anatomy and its variants is vital for successful hepatobiliary surgery. Michel et al [1] were the first to propose a classification system for the anatomic variations in the Common Hepatic Artery (CHA) based on cadaveric dissection.
A diaphragmatic hernia is the protrusion of abdominal structures into the thoracic cavity through a defect in the diaphragm [1]. Overall incidence of diaphragmatic hernia is about 0.8-5/10,000 with the majority being congenital [2]. In adults' diaphragmatic hernia is rare accounting for less the 5% of the cases [3].
Thyroid-like intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a rare and easily misdiagnosed malignant neoplasm. Five cases in surgical specimen have been reported in the English literature while lack comprehensive gene mutations analysis. We recently encountered a case of this tumor in biopsy tissues that histologically highly resembles thyroid follicular tumor and harbors PIK3CA, TP53, CDK12, MAP3K13 and SDHC mutations.
Long-term follow-up have showed that HDT with ASCT provides long-term 25–30-year remissions in patients with FL, and over 50% of FL patients can probably achieve a biological cure of the tumor [1-3]. Currently, it is considered that the optimal time for the ASCT is the first early relapse of FL, i.e. second-line therapy.
Lung cancer is classified into two categories: small-cell lung cancer representing 15% of cases and the more prevalent non-small cell lung cancer representing 85% of cases. The EML4-ALK fusion oncogene is found in 2 to 7% of all non-small cell lung cancers, most of which are adenocarcinomas. These gene rearrangements are more prevalent in females and young patients as well as in Asian and Western populations [1].
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy was first described by Gossage et all in 1913 in a patient with atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response [1]. In the last years several published data confirm the fact that arrhythmias could induce dilated cardiomyopathy referred as arrythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AiCMP) [2-4].
Steroid is widely used as medicine since 1935. Firstly, it was thought that this medicine could be used for Addison disease [1]. It has potent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, as well as some side effects including minor discases like acne and major diseases such as Cushing's syndrome that can cause diabetes mellitus and life-threatening heart disease [2]. ...
Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is the most common Disorder of Sex Development (DSD), presenting with atypical genital appearance and a 46 XX karyotype in the newborn period [1]. More than 90% of all cases are secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency [2]. This group of patients present in the newborn period with atypical genital due to endogenous virilization and without palpable gonads. ...
Diverticulum of the right atrium (RA) is a rare congenital anomaly with only about 30 cases reported in the literature [1]. Patients with a single diverticulum may remain asymptomatic till late in life, while those with symptoms can present in early infancy or childhood. If left untreated, the RA diverticulum carries the risk of thrombus formation, arrhythmia, hemodynamic derangement, life-threatening rupture, and sudden cardiac death. Regardless of the symptoms, the surgical resection of the large diverticulum is recommended. ...
Tympanojugular (TJP) and vagal paragangliomas (VP) are benign, slow-growing tumors. Due to their indolent nature, they often present in advanced stages with cranio-temporo-cervical extensions, having the potential to invade surrounding neurovascular structures like the Jugular Bulb (JB), the internal carotid artery (ICA), the facial (FN) and the lower cranial nerves (LCNs) [1]. ...
Severe asthma is a life-threatening condition that is particularly challenging in patients who do not respond to conventional therapy [1]. In critically ill patients admitted with severe asthma, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (IMV) is often required to stabilize the respiratory status. Anaesthetic medical drugs in combination with Extracorporeal Carbon Dioxide Removal System ( ECCO2R ) are well-described rescue therapies used to treat patients suffering from severe status asthmaticus [1]. ...
In African daily practice, non-traumatic acute flaccid paralysis is dominated by viral, inflammatory myelitis and polyomyelitis. Progressive paralysis leads to the search for Guillain-Barré disease and often leads to costly examinations (cerebral and spinal cord computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, specialized biological examinations). Rarely, severe hyperkalemia is manifested by flaccid paralysis. ...
A just, equitable, and credible peer review process is the cornerstone of a high quality and safe Health Care System. The importance of an unbiased and protected Peer Review System is codified in the Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986, HCQIA [1]. However, the peer review process may go wrong when in the new landscape of healthcare which is dominated by large hospital organizations and the big business of medicine, the peer review system may be misused for reasons other than to ensure compliance to the highest standards of professionalism in the interest of the public and the profession. ...
The phenomenon of tumors filling air space within the lung parenchyma was discovered in early 1980 by Kodama et al who considered it a rare and novel biologic behavior of aerogenous metastases [1]. Subsequently, the concept of the aerogenous spread of lung cancer was described with insufficient weight until 2015. ...
Growth disturbances and angular knee deformities are among skeletal abnormalities related to renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Although improved by medical treatment, some severe cases are still challenging for orthopaedic surgeons even if surgical correction was indicated. In our case, we report a management of a spectacular bilateral genu-valgum. ...
Despite being rare in children, congenital coronary artery anomalies (CAAs) can present with spectrum from exertional chest pain to myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, and sudden death [1,2]. Early diagnosis avoids complications and can be affected by the nature of presenting symptoms, if any. Diagnosis of CCAs by 2D transthoracic echocardiography (ECHO) can be challenging ...
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase positive non-small cell lung cancer (ALK+ NSCLC) accounts for approximately 3-7% of NSCLC. The third generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib can give renewed responses to patients resistant to earlier generation ALK inhibitors. Lorlatinib commonly causes hypercholesteremia [1]; elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) in particular is a cardiovascular ...
Deletion in the long arm of chromosome 9 (9q34.3) is responsible for a rare genetic disorder known as Kleefstra syndrome (OMIM 610253) [2,1]. There are few reports describing this condition, and they are mostly based on patients with mental retardation [3]. Kleefstra syndrome has been characterized by the core phenotype of developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia ...
Primary Splenic Angiosarcoma (PSA) was first described in 1879 by T Langerhan [1]. While being the most common primary neoplasm of the spleen, it is an extremely rare malignant neoplasm largely confined to case reports with an incidence of 0.14 to 0.25 cases per million persons . ...
The new coronavirus infection pandemic (COronaVIrus Disease 2019, COVID-19) has drawn attention to various forms of inflammatory heart disease. The possibility of myocarditis resulting from exposure of the myocardium to coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) has been reported [1]. In addition to myocarditis in acute COVID-19, we have described ...
Feto-Maternal Hemorrhage (FMH) is defined as a substantial loss of fetal blood in the maternal circulation. During the pregnancy, the placenta normally prevents the transfer of cells between fetus and mother and vice versa, in order to maintain separate the two circulations. Nevertheless, in a majority of pregnancies and in particular during delivery, a small portion of fetal ...
A 28-year-old female patient presented to our dental department with a complaint of discomfort and pain in the back of her mouth on the left side. The patient reported that she had been experiencing the discomfort for the last few days and was unable to eat or drink properly. The patient had no significant medical history or allergies. ...
Acute Bacterial meningitis is a lethal infection of the central nervous system. The annual incidence of which in adults is 4–6 cases per 100,000. The most common causative agents include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides and Haemophilus influenzae. With best of medical care, this has high mortality rate (10-40%) and neurological deficits are seen ...
Among advanced antibacterial agents, tigecycline -a glycycline antibiotic- confers activity against a broad range of highly drug resistant bacteria [1]. Complicated intra-abdominal and respiratory infections, as well as complicated skin infections, represent the main indications for tigecycline use [2]. The combination of tigecycline with other broad spectrum antibiotic regimens, such as carbapenems ...
Peer review is an essential process in any publications refereeing a mutual process that allows evaluating manuscripts submitted to a journal and commented upon by independent research experts within the similar field of research...
Open Access is the free of charge, instant, online availability of research articles, together with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital milieu. It provides unrestricted use and reuse...
Plagiarism is a part of Journalistic ethic where it is considered to be a crime. The act of taking content, writing, statement or an idea that is already published is known as plagiarism. Whenever you consider using any paraphrase, sum up, or take terms, phrases, sentences or statements...