Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is a contagious pathogen related to coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19), declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020 [1,2]. Some patients affected by CoViD-19 develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and may require invasive mechanical ventilation. It has been reported approximately 15% of patients affected develop pneumonia requiring any source of oxygen support and 33% of them require invasive mechanical ventilation [2].
Though the incidence of stroke is more common in adults over 65 years, almost 25% of stroke is reported in adults less than 65 years of age [1]. The most common aetiologies of strokes include prolonged hypertension, cardio-embolic disease, haematologic disorders, connective tissue disorders, substance abuse etc. However, the aetiology of stroke is undetermined in almost 30% of cases in young adults [1] .
Sexuality is a natural component of human behavior. The general population has been extensively studied since the first half of the 20th century. It is now accepted that sexual activity and satisfaction contribute significantly to a person's quality of life [1,4]. However, for patients with severe and disabling mental disorders such as SCZ, sexual functioning has received little attention in the management, which should be comprehensive [5].
Priapism is defined as a prolonged penile erection lasting more than 4 h, remaining despite orgasm and in the absence of sexual stimulation. There are three types of priapism: Ischaemic, non ischaemic and stuttering. The most common of these is Ischaemic Priapism (IP). It represents a compartment syndrome of the corpus cavernosa with minimal or no arterial flow into the penis.
Lactic Acidosis (LA) can be classified as 2 types which are type A and type B. Type A LA usually related to inadequate tissue perfusion in a context of sepsis, circulatory failure, hypovolemia or severe hypoxemia. On the other hand, type B LA can occurs without any sign of organ dysfunction and is related to deregulation of cellular metabolism [1]. LA can be defined as a pH of less than 7.35 and a blood lactate level greater than 5 mmol/l [2].
Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a B cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Antibodies are directed against the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction and lead to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigability. Juvenile Myasthenia Gravis (JMG) is a rare acquired condition of patients younger than 19 years, representing 10% to 15% of all myasthenia gravis patients.
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) hepatitis represents a rare complication of HSV infection, which can progress to acute liver failure and in some cases, death. Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) infection in adults usually characterized by mucocutaneous painful rash grouped as vesicular lesions with underlying erythema, which eventually erode, and crust [1].
Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide in males and females [1]. In Saudi Arabia, CRC is the most common malignancy among males [2]. CRC patients present with acute intestinal obstruction in 8-13% of cases [3]. A total of 75% of obstructing CRCs occur distal to splenic flexure, with the sigmoid colon being the most common location [4].
Crush Syndrome (CS) is a medical condition that includes rhabdomyolysis caused by trauma and associated surgical or medical signs and symptoms [1]. As a result of muscle trauma, destruction of the cell membrane leads to disruption of electrolyte regulation and the balance between the intracellular and extracellular milieu, release of constituents into the circulation and cell edema followed by cell lysis.
Osteoid osteoma is a rare primary tumor that usually doesn't arise the spine. The OO is usually a benign bone tumor that typically occur in children, adolescent and young adults between the ages of 10 to 35 years with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1 [1]. It is commonly located in the long bone on the subcortical shaft and metaphysis.
Our planet earth revolves around its axis, causing the light and dark cycles of 24-Hours. Resulting in to day and night (Figure 0). These rotations of the planet are associated with alteration in physiological functions which vary according to time structure of 24 hours [1-5]. Environmental degradation may cause changes in climate, space and weather as well as in day and night cycles, which can influence physiology and biology leading to alterations in cardiovascular functions [4,5].
Diseases of the thyroid gland are common problems and are increasingly diagnosed by the availability and ease of access to tests such as cervical ultrasound and computed tomography of the chest and neck, which leads patients, symptomatic or not, to seek clarification of the images obtained. The main indications for surgical treatment of thyroid changes include clarification of suspicious lesions, treatment of diagnosed neoplasms and goiters, compressive or leading to aesthetic changes [1,2].
Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia is a rare and heterogeneous clinical syndrome defined by persistent CD4+ T cell lymphocytopenia in the absence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection or any other cause of immunodeficiency. About 258 cases have been described in literature, it might be associated with reduction of CD8+ T lymphocytes and immunoglobulins. These patients typically develop opportunistic infections, malignant tumors and autoimmune disorders [1].
A 39-year-old woman, gravidity 4, parity 4, without any notable medical history, presented with pelvic pain associated with significant abdominal distension. Clinical examination revealed a mobile abdominopelvic mass. Pelvic ultrasound showed a 12-centimeter right ovarian cyst without intracystic vegetations, appearing as a simple dermoid cyst, and a simple left ovarian cyst.
A rare benign mucosal lesion known as RIGA-FEDE disease is characterised by an ulcer on the ventral portion of the tongue brought on by frequent traumatic injuries due to tongue movement over the mandibular anterior teeth during breastfeeding [1]. Italian physician Antonio Riga first described the lesion in 1881; subsequently, F. Fede published the histological findings of the ulcer in 1890, which showed that it was an inflammatory lesion [2].
Gustilo-Anderson (GA) III fracture is defined as open fracture with extensive soft-tissue laceration, damage, or defect. In a retrospective study of GAIII open fractures from 1961 to 1968, the infection rate was 44%, forcing many limbs to be amputated [1]. For the upper limbs, relief arm was achieved in 45 (94%) of 48 patients with GAIII in a report from 1994 to 2014 [2]. Similarly, a recent report about lower limb fractures showed that 93 cases of GAIII fractures between 1994 and 2012 necessitated amputation in 10 patients (12%).
Lemierre Syndrome (LS) is a rare and critical complication of anaerobic bacteremia primarily caused by pharyngitis or tonsillitis [1]. LS can commonly affect young healthy individual. Although the incidence of LS is very low (1–2 per million), the mortality rate is reported to be as high as 20% [2]. We report a case of LS that was affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and had an unfortunate outcome owing to delayed diagnosis and consultation.
Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease (NIID) is a rare and slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic hyaline intranuclear inclusions in the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system cells. It has been considered to be a heterogenous disease because of its highly variable clinical manifestations, and its antemortem diagnosis has been difficult.
T-Cell Lymphomas (TCL) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid malignancies that are characterized by frequent disease relapse and poor prognosis compared to B-cell neoplasms, except for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-positive Anaplastic Lymphoma (ALCL) [1]. ALK-negative ALCL is an uncommon CD30-positive disease that accounts for 6% to 24% of TCL, it is mainly reported in older population and frequently displays chemo-refractoriness with an aggressive clinical behavior [1].
Peer review is an essential process in any publications refereeing a mutual process that allows evaluating manuscripts submitted to a journal and commented upon by independent research experts within the similar field of research...
Open Access is the free of charge, instant, online availability of research articles, together with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital milieu. It provides unrestricted use and reuse...
Plagiarism is a part of Journalistic ethic where it is considered to be a crime. The act of taking content, writing, statement or an idea that is already published is known as plagiarism. Whenever you consider using any paraphrase, sum up, or take terms, phrases, sentences or statements...