VEGF is a key molecule in physiological neo-angiogenesis and in the maintenance of normal blood vessels, but this growth factor has been also associated with the occurrence of pathological angiogenesis in a wide spectrum of human diseases...
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide in men. The major known risk factors associated with HCC include hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and alcohol-induced liver disease...
Heterotopic Ossification (HO) is an ectopic bone formation in the soft tissue outside the skeletal system. HO develops and affects all layers of the skin adjacent to joints and may also occur in the wall of blood vessels and ligaments [1], or at intra-abdominal sites such as the mesentery...
Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes and occurs predominantly in the skin. Due to its aggressive nature, the overall prognosis is poor with a median survival rate of 6-9 months in the presence of distant metastases...
Hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (HLH) is a rare, aggressive disease of the immune system. It primarily affects infants but also affects older children and adults. The exact incidence of HLH in adults is unknown but the number of reports is on the rise, which could be attributed to clinical vigilance...
An orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a rare developmental jaw cyst that has been considered as a variant of the keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) & was first described in 1927 by Schultz...
Situs ambiguous, also known as heterotaxy syndrome, is the abnormal positioning of thoracic and abdominal organs and vessels to that found in situs solitus [1]. This results from errors in left-right patterning during embryogenesis...
Open surgical repair (OSR) was used in the past as the gold standard for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Despite the increase in use of endovascular repair techniques (EVAR) for the treatment of such cases in the last 20 years, there are still indications that point towards open...
Pleomorphic lobular carcinoma(PLC) of breast is a distinct histological variant of invasive lobular carcinoma(ILC) [1,2,3,4,5]. Cytological recognition is important as the degree of pleomorphism exhibited in this specific subtype may lead to misinterpretation of this particular subtype of lobular carcinoma as...
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) complicating DKA is rarely reported in medical literature. Most of the cases described have been either in association with central venous lines or in the cerebral veins by location...
Patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease and symptomatic CAD are at higher risk for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) versus patients that are only symptomatic from one disease process [1]. Minimizing the stroke risk is of paramount concern to both vascular surgeons and their patients...
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) was originally called Wegener granulomatosis. It was first described by Klinger in 1931 and subsequently by Wegener in 1936 as a universally fatal disease characterized by granulomatous vasculitis in the upper and lower airways and kidneys...
Peer review is an essential process in any publications refereeing a mutual process that allows evaluating manuscripts submitted to a journal and commented upon by independent research experts within the similar field of research...
Open Access is the free of charge, instant, online availability of research articles, together with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital milieu. It provides unrestricted use and reuse...
Plagiarism is a part of Journalistic ethic where it is considered to be a crime. The act of taking content, writing, statement or an idea that is already published is known as plagiarism. Whenever you consider using any paraphrase, sum up, or take terms, phrases, sentences or statements...